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Samskara (Indian philosophy)
Samskaras or sanskaras (Sanskrit: संस्कार) has several context driven meanings in Indian philosophy and Indian religions. One of these is "mental impression, recollection, psychological imprint" and this meaning is the basis for its use in Hindu philosophies, particularly in the development of its karma theory.〔〔
According to various schools of Indian philosophy, every action, intent or preparation by an individual leaves a ''sanskara'' (impression, impact, imprint) in the deeper structure of his or her mind.〔 These impressions then await volitional fruition in that individual's future, in the form of hidden expectations, circumstances or unconscious sense of self-worth. These ''Sanskaras'' manifest as tendency, karmic impulse, subliminal impression, habitual potency or innate dispositions.〔〔Jeaneane Fowler (2002), Perspectives of Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Hinduism, Sussex Academic Press, ISBN 978-1898723943, page 105〕 The theory of ''Sanskara'' has also been used, in ancient Indian texts, to develop explanations for how and why human beings remember anything, and the impact these memories have on his sense of suffering, happiness and contentness.〔〔
==Etymology and meaning==
The Sanskrit word ''saṃskāra'' (संस्कार) has various context driven meanings, that broadly refer to "the putting together, accomplishing well, making perfect, a form of solemn recognition and getting ready" and "mental impression, recollection".〔(saMskAra ) Monier-Williams' Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, Germany〕 The first context is at the etymological foundation of Sanskara term for rites of passage, while it is the second context, as a form of disposition, impression or behavioral inclination, that is at the etymological root of Sanskara word as a psychological concept in Indian philosophies.〔
The concept of Sanskara is also discussed as ''Vasana'' (Sanskrit: वासना), particularly in the Vaiśeṣika school of Hinduism. ''Vasana'' also means "impression, inclination of anything remaining unconsciously in the mind".〔(vAsanA ) Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionary, Germany〕〔Stephen Philips (2014), Epistemology in Classical India: The Knowledge Sources of the Nyaya School, Routledge, ISBN 978-1138008816, page 134〕
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